Chamberlain College Of Nursing > NURSING > 2020 NR 508 Patho COMPLETE LAST EXAM (ALREADY GRADED A)

Question 1 :

Which organism is responsible for the development of syphilis?

Neisseria syphilis

Treponema pallidum

Haemophilus ducreyi

Chlamydia trachomatis

Question 2.

 :

Kidney stones in the upper part of the ureter would produce pain referred to which anatomical area?

:

Vulva or penis

Umbilicus

Thighs

Lower abdomen

Question 3.

:

Carcinoma refers to abnormal cell proliferation originating from which tissue origin?

Blood vessels

Epithelial cells

Connective tissue

Glandular tissue

Question 4.

Which immunoglobulin is present in blood, saliva, breast milk, and respiratory secretions?

IgA

IgE

IgG

IgM

Question 5.

What period follows depolarization of the myocardium and represents a period during which no new cardiac potential can be propagated?

Refractory

Hyperpolarization

Threshold

Sinoatrial (SA)

Question 6.

Stress-induced norepinephrine results in:

Pupil constriction

Peripheral vasoconstriction

Increased sweat gland secretions

Decreased blood pressure

Question 7.

What is the suggested mean blood pressure for an 8- to 9-year-old child?

104/55 mm Hg

106/58 mm Hg

112/62 mm Hg

121/70 mm Hg

Question 8.

Graves disease is a result of:

Increased levels of circulating immunoglobulins

The infiltration of the thyroid with T lymphocytes

Autoantibodies binding to thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)-receptor sites

Exposure to acetylates in substances such as rubber

Question 9.

Which statement is true regarding pain and cancer?

Pain is primarily a result of pressure caused by the tumor.

Pain indicates the metastasis of a cancer.

Pain is usually the initial symptom of cancer.

Pain is generally associated with late-stage cancer.

Question 10.

Continued therapy of pernicious anemia (PA) generally lasts how long?

6 to 8 weeks

8 to 12 months

Until the iron level is normal

The rest of one’s life

Question 11.

Which of the following are formed elements of the blood that are not cells but are disk-shaped cytoplasmic fragments essential for blood clotting?

Monocytes

Platelets

Macrophages

Erythrocytes

Question 12.

Question :

The ability of the pathogen to invade and multiply in the host is referred to as:

Infectivity

Toxigenicity

Pathogenicity

Virulence

Question 13.

Why is the herpes virus inaccessible to antibodies after the initial infection?

The virus does not circulate in the blood.

It does not have antibody receptors.

It resists agglutination.

The virus is a soluble antigen.

Question 14.

Which normal physiologic change occurs in the aging pulmonary system?

Decreased flow resistance

Fewer alveoli

Stiffening of the chest wall

Improved elastic recoil

Question 15.

Question :

Which type of microorganism reproduces on the skin?

Viruses

Bacteria and fungi

Protozoa and Rickettsiae

Mycoplasma

Question 16.

The common hay fever allergy is expressed through a reaction that is mediated by which class of immunoglobulins?

IgE

IgG

IgM

T cells

Question 17.

Obesity creates a greater risk for dehydration in people because:

Adipose cells contain little water because fat is water repelling.

The metabolic rate of obese adults is slower than the rate of lean adults.

The rate of urine output of obese adults is higher than the rate of output of lean adults.

The thirst receptors of the hypothalamus do not function effectively.

Question 18.

The World Health Organization (WHO) defines grade 1 (overweight) as a BMI of:

18.5 to 24.9

25 to 29.9

30 to 39.9

40 to 50.9

Question 19.

Which type of anemia occurs as a result of thalassemia?

Microcytic, hypochromic

Microcytic, normochromic

Macrocytic, hyperchromic

Macrocytic, normochromic

Question 20.

The area of the kidneys that contains the glomeruli and portions of the tubules is called the:

Medulla

Cortex

Pyramids

Columns

Question 21.

At birth, which statement is true?

Systemic resistance and pulmonary resistance fall.

Gas exchange shifts from the placenta to the lung.

Systemic resistance falls and pulmonary resistance rises.

Systemic resistance and pulmonary resistance rise.

Question 22.

On average, what percent of cardiac output do the kidneys receive?

10% to 20%

15% to 20%

20% to 25%

30% to 35%

Question 23.

How is the effectiveness of vitamin B₁₂ therapy measured?

Reticulocyte count

Serum transferring

Hemoglobin

Serum vitamin B₁₂

Question 24.

What characteristic do atopic individuals have that make them genetically predisposed to develop allergies?

Greater quantities of histamine

More histamine receptors

Greater quantities of IgE

A deficiency in epinephrine

Question 25.

What is the major virus involved in the development of cervical cancer?

Herpes simplex virus type 6

Herpes simplex virus type 2

Human papillomavirus

Human immunodeficiency virus

Question 26.

In which structure does B lymphocytes mature and undergo changes that commit them to becoming B cells?

Thymus gland

Regional lymph nodes

Bone marrow

Spleen

Question 27.

Which of the following causes condylomata acuminata or genital warts?

Chlamydia

Adenovirus

Human papillomavirus (HPV)

Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1)

Question 28.

Where in the lung does gas exchange occur?

Trachea

Segmental bronchi

Alveolocapillary membrane

Main bronchus

Question 29.

The concentration of the final urine is determined by antidiuretic hormone (ADH), which is secreted by which gland?

Posterior pituitary

Thyroid

Parathyroid

Anterior pituitary

Question 30.

Exhaustion occurs if stress continues when which stage of the general adaptation syndrome is not successful?

Flight or fight

Alarm

Adaptation

Arousal

Question 31.

In a full-term infant, the normal erythrocyte life span is _____ days, whereas the adult erythrocyte life span is _____ days.

30 to 50; 80

60 to 80; 120

90 to 110; 140

120 to 130; 150

Question 32.

Research has shown a link between cancer and which sexually transmitted disease?

Syphilis

Gonorrhea

Human papillomavirus

Pelvic inflammatory disease

Question 33.

What is the most common predisposing factor to obstructive sleep apnea in children?

Chronic respiratory infections

Adenotonsillar hypertrophy

Obligatory mouth breathing

Paradoxic breathing

Question 34.

What is the most commonly reported symptom of cancer treatment?

Nausea

Fatigue

Hair loss

Weight loss

Question 35.

Blood cells that differentiate into macrophages are known as:

Monocytes

Neutrophils

Eosinophils

Basophils

Question 36.

Where are Langerhans cells found?

Skin

Intestinal lining

Kidney

Thyroid

Question 37.

Which glycoprotein protects against urolithiasis and is a ligand for lymphokines?

Uromodulin

Nephrin

Urodilatin

Cystatin

Question 38.

How does chest wall compliance in an infant differ from that of an adult?

An adult’s chest wall compliance is lower than an infant’s.

An adult’s chest wall compliance is higher than an infant’s.

An adult’s chest wall compliance is the same as an infant’s.

An adult’s chest wall compliance is dissimilar to that of an infant’s.

Question 39.

Which renal change is found in older adults?

Sharp decline in glomerular filtration rate

Sharp decline in renal blood flow

Decrease in the number of nephrons

Decrease in urine output

Question 40.

Which nutritional deficiency in a pregnant woman is associated with neural tube defect (NTD)?

Iron

Vitamin C

Zinc

Folate

Question 41.

Which sexually transmitted infection frequently coexists with gonorrhea?

Syphilis

Herpes simplex virus

Chlamydia

Chancroid

Question 42.

Which hormone prompts increased anxiety, vigilance, and arousal during a stress response?

Norepinephrine

Epinephrine

Cortisol

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Question 43.

What is the function of erythrocytes?

Tissue oxygenation

Hemostasis

Infection control

Allergy response

Question 44.

Aspiration is most likely to occur in the right mainstem bronchus because it:

Extends vertically from the trachea.

Is narrower than the left mainstem bronchus.

Comes into contact with food and drink first.

Is located at the site where the bronchi bifurcate.

Question 45.

Stress-induced sympathetic stimulation of the adrenal medulla causes the secretion of:

Epinephrine and aldosterone

Norepinephrine and cortisol

Epinephrine and norepinephrine

Acetylcholine and cortisol

Question 46.

Chvostek and Trousseau signs indicate which electrolyte imbalance?

Hypokalemia

Hyperkalemia

Hypocalcemia

Hypercalcemia

Question 47.

What pulmonary defense mechanism propels a mucous blanket that entraps particles moving toward the oropharynx?

Nasal turbinates

Alveolar macrophages

Cilia

Irritant receptors on the nares

Question 48.

Where are alveolar macrophages found?

Skin

Breasts

Gastrointestinal tract

Lungs

Question 49.

Which blood cells are the chief phagocytes involved in the early inflammation process?

Neutrophils

Monocytes

Eosinophils

Erythrocytes

Question 50.

The portion of the antigen that is configured for recognition and binding is referred to as what type of determinant?

Immunotope

Paratope

Epitope

Antigenitope

Question 51.

An amniocentesis indicates a neural tube defect when an increase in which protein is evident?

Chorionic

Alpha fetoprotein

Amniotic

Embryonic

Question 52.

What is the cause of familial hypercholesterolemia (FH)?

Diet high in saturated fats

Increased production of cholesterol by the liver

Reduction in the number of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptors on cell surfaces

Abnormal function of lipoprotein receptors circulating in the blood

Question 53.

Which medication compensates for the deficiency that occurs as a result of cystic fibrosis?

Salt tablets

Pancreatic enzymes

Antihypertensives

Antibiotics

Question 54.

Which statement is true regarding the major difference between male and female sex hormone production?

Luteinizing hormone has no apparent action in a man.

In a man, sex hormone production is relatively constant.

Estradiol is not produced in a man.

In a man, gonadotropin-releasing hormone does not cause the release of follicle stimulating hormone.

Question 55.

Insulin transports which electrolyte in the cell?

Potassium

Calcium

Sodium

Phosphorus

Question 56.

At 2 or 3 weeks of age, an infant who has been well fed and has gained weight begins to vomit for no apparent reason. The vomiting gradually becomes more forceful. These symptoms may be indicative of which disorder?

Esophageal atresia

Congenital aganglionic megacolon

Pyloric stenosis

Galactosemia

Question 57.

Clinical manifestations of Parkinson disease are caused by a deficit in which of the brain’s neurotransmitters?

Gamma-aminobutyric acid

Dopamine

Norepinephrine

Acetylcholine

Question 58.

What effect does hyperphosphatemia have on other electrolytes?

Increases serum calcium.

Decreases serum calcium.

Decreases serum magnesium.

Increases serum magnesium.

Question 59.

How does the release (increase) of epinephrine raise body temperature?

The release of epinephrine causes shivering.

It affects muscle tone.

It raises the metabolic rate.

It increases and strengthens the heart rate.

Question 60.

Consanguinity refers to the mating of persons:

Who are unrelated

When one has an autosomal dominant disorder

Having common family relations

When one has a chromosomal abnormality

Question 61.

The number of persons living with a specific disease at a specific point in time is referred to by which term?

Relativity

Survivability

Prevalence

Incidence

Question 62.

Which pain theory proposes that a balance of impulses conducted from the spinal cord to the higher centers in the central nervous system (CNS) modulates the transmission of pain?

GCT

Pattern theory

Specificity theory

Neuromatrix theory

Question 63.

What anchors articular cartilage to the underlying bone?

Sharpey fibers

Collagen fibers

Glycoproteins

Elastin fibers

Question 64.

Which water-soluble vitamin is absorbed by passive diffusion?

Vitamin B6

Vitamin B1

Vitamin K

Folic acid

Question 65.

What is the leading cause of infertility in women?

Pelvic inflammatory disease

Endometriosis

Salpingitis

Polycystic ovary syndrome

Question 66.

What part of the brain provides the emotional response to pain?

Limbic system

Parietal lobe

Thalamus

Hypothalamus